El Códice Martínez Compañón como portador de epistemologías patrióticas andinas
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2017-12-30
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Universidad Nacional de Música
Resumen
El obispo de Trujillo dejó un testimonio gráfico de su visita pastoral a las provincias serranas del norte del virreinato peruano en el llamado Códice Martínez Compañón (1782-1785). Las partituras contenidas en ese documento son una fuente primaria indispensable para aquellos interesados en las músicas vernáculas del mundo andino. De hecho, algunas tonadas y bailes del Códice son, para muchos, evidencia de una historia de mestizaje cultural y de supervivencia de músicas prehispánicas. Otros añaden que la hibridez estilística de esa música podría interpretarse como un espacio de resistencia o contracultura indígena.
En este trabajo se argumenta que las posturas anteriores pecan de miopía y se ofrece un tercer derrotero menos frecuentado. La tesis central es que la música del Códice pudo haberse originado como una expresión de orgullo local o patriota que fue avalada por las autoridades de los pueblos que acogieron al obispo. Dichas autoridades andinas movilizaron símbolos y rituales aristocráticos para reclamar legitimidad en una época de incertidumbre política. Se sugiere que Martínez Compañón y varios caciques colaboraron en tal proyecto compartido y que la música del Códice expresaba anhelos de perpetuar antiguas formas de gobierno colonial, no de destituirlas.
The bishop of Trujillo’s three-year-long pastoral visit to the northern realms of the Viceroyalty of Peru (1782-1785) was documented in the Martínez Compañón Codex, an intricately illustrated document. Musical notation contained therein remains a key reference for all those interested in Andean vernacular music. For many, the Codex’s songs and dances exemplify a history of cultural miscegenation and attest to the endurance of Pre-Columbian music. Other scholars add that the music’s stylistic hybridity could be read as a space of indigenous resistance or counterculture. The following essay shows how both of these premises are short-sighted and presents a third, less-familiar interpretation. The main argument is that the Codex’s music might have originated as expressions of nativist pride or patriotism that were sanctioned by the local authorities who sheltered the bishop during his visit. Andean leaders deployed a collection of aristocratic symbols and rituals to stake claims to legitimacy in times of political uncertainty. The essay suggests that several caciques collaborated with the bishop to that effect, and that the Codex’s music registered a shared desire to perpetuate ancient forms of colonial government, not annul them.
The bishop of Trujillo’s three-year-long pastoral visit to the northern realms of the Viceroyalty of Peru (1782-1785) was documented in the Martínez Compañón Codex, an intricately illustrated document. Musical notation contained therein remains a key reference for all those interested in Andean vernacular music. For many, the Codex’s songs and dances exemplify a history of cultural miscegenation and attest to the endurance of Pre-Columbian music. Other scholars add that the music’s stylistic hybridity could be read as a space of indigenous resistance or counterculture. The following essay shows how both of these premises are short-sighted and presents a third, less-familiar interpretation. The main argument is that the Codex’s music might have originated as expressions of nativist pride or patriotism that were sanctioned by the local authorities who sheltered the bishop during his visit. Andean leaders deployed a collection of aristocratic symbols and rituals to stake claims to legitimacy in times of political uncertainty. The essay suggests that several caciques collaborated with the bishop to that effect, and that the Codex’s music registered a shared desire to perpetuate ancient forms of colonial government, not annul them.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Música andina, Historiografía, Poscolonialismo, Ilustración
Citación
García Sudo, A. (2017). El Códice Martínez Compañón como portador de epistemologías patrióticas andinas. Antec: Revista Peruana De Investigación Musical, 1(2), 13–28. https://doi.org/10.62230/antec.v1i2.12
