Fonética del Himno Nacional del Perú traducido al quechua del Collao: Tratamiento en consonantes eyectivas
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2022-07-15
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Universidad Nacional de Música
Resumen
El Himno Nacional del Perú traducido al quechua del Collao es una obra que se ejecuta con regularidad en eventos protocolares del país; sobre todo, en la región sur-andina por cantantes profesionales, coros e instituciones públicas y privadas. Esta traducción, sin embargo, presenta dificultades para su pronunciación debido a los fonemas ajenos al español que regularmente son pronunciados con imprecisión, o presenta dificultad técnica, al momento de ejecutarse, entre los no quechuahablantes. La obra se convierte, entonces, en una falencia comunicativa en su interpretación e, incluso, cambia el significado del texto que se recita. El presente estudio aborda el análisis fonético del Himno Nacional del Perú traducido al quechua del Collao con énfasis en la ubicación de los fonemas extraños al idioma español, y con especial atención a los fonemas eyectivos o glotales eyectivos. Estos últimos son explicados en su forma de funcionamiento mecánico sonoro y se dan las pautas necesarias para poder ser ejecutadas a partir de las posibilidades técnicas de los intérpretes. Se han empleado herramientas informativas para contextualizar el trabajo, tales como los antecedentes musicales del Himno Nacional del Perú, los estudios fonéticos sobre el quechua del Collao y la influencia que tienen estos dentro de la ejecución vocal. A continuación, se ha procedido a analizar fonéticamente el Himno Nacional del Perú en el idioma quechua para poder ubicar las consonantes eyectivas. Estas se han contrastado entre tres ejecuciones diferentes y se ha hecho un consenso de los fonemas alófonos que pudieran existir dentro de estas tres ejecuciones para dar una transcripción más acertada de la ejecución sonora. Finalmente, con el análisis hecho, una entrevista realizada a una ejecutante y basándonos en los estudios previos de fonética y canto, se concluye que las consonantes eyectivas causan una fatiga a nivel glotal que podrían perjudicar al cantante a nivel fonético y físico fonatorio durante la realización de su ejecución. Sin embargo, estas consonantes deben ser ejecutadas con la claridad necesaria para ser entendibles por el público oyente, y es responsabilidad del cantante poder encontrar un equilibrio de acuerdo con sus capacidades físicas fonatorias.
The National Anthem of Peru translated into Collao Quechua is a musical work regularly performed in protocol events in the country, especially in its South Andean region by professional singers, choirs, and public and private institutions. However, this piece poses difficulties for its pronunciation due to non-Spanish phonemes that are frequently pronounced in a non-accurate way or present technical difficulty at the time of execution among non-Quechua-speakers, which becomes a communicative shortcoming in the performance of this work, even changing the meaning of the recited text. The study at hand addresses the phonetic analysis of the National Anthem of Peru translated into Collao Quechua with an emphasis on the location of phonemes foreign to the Spanish language, paying special attention to ejective phonemes or glottalic ejectives. These are explained in their form of sound mechanical functioning and guidelines have been provided so that they can be executed within the performers’ technical possibilities. Information tools have been used to give context to the work, such as the musical background of the National Anthem, the phonetic studies on the Collao Quechua, and the relationship that these have in the vocal performance. Subsequently, the National Anthem of Peru was analyzed phonetically in the Quechua language in order to locate the ejective consonants, which have been contrasted with three different executions, making a consensus among the allophone phonemes that may exist among these three to produce a more accurate transcription with the sound execution. Lastly, following the analysis carried out and the interview conducted with a performer, and based on previous phonetics and singing research, it is concluded that ejective consonants cause fatigue at a glottal level that could have a negative impact on the singer’s performance at the phonetic and physical phonatory levels when performing. However, as these consonants must be executed with the necessary clarity to be understandable by the listening audience, it is the singer’s responsibility to be able to find a balance according to their phonatory physical abilities.
The National Anthem of Peru translated into Collao Quechua is a musical work regularly performed in protocol events in the country, especially in its South Andean region by professional singers, choirs, and public and private institutions. However, this piece poses difficulties for its pronunciation due to non-Spanish phonemes that are frequently pronounced in a non-accurate way or present technical difficulty at the time of execution among non-Quechua-speakers, which becomes a communicative shortcoming in the performance of this work, even changing the meaning of the recited text. The study at hand addresses the phonetic analysis of the National Anthem of Peru translated into Collao Quechua with an emphasis on the location of phonemes foreign to the Spanish language, paying special attention to ejective phonemes or glottalic ejectives. These are explained in their form of sound mechanical functioning and guidelines have been provided so that they can be executed within the performers’ technical possibilities. Information tools have been used to give context to the work, such as the musical background of the National Anthem, the phonetic studies on the Collao Quechua, and the relationship that these have in the vocal performance. Subsequently, the National Anthem of Peru was analyzed phonetically in the Quechua language in order to locate the ejective consonants, which have been contrasted with three different executions, making a consensus among the allophone phonemes that may exist among these three to produce a more accurate transcription with the sound execution. Lastly, following the analysis carried out and the interview conducted with a performer, and based on previous phonetics and singing research, it is concluded that ejective consonants cause fatigue at a glottal level that could have a negative impact on the singer’s performance at the phonetic and physical phonatory levels when performing. However, as these consonants must be executed with the necessary clarity to be understandable by the listening audience, it is the singer’s responsibility to be able to find a balance according to their phonatory physical abilities.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Himno Nacional del Perú, Consonantes eyectivas, Fonética y dicción, Técnica vocal, Quechua del Collao
Citación
Valdez Luna, P. K. (2022). Fonética del Himno Nacional del Perú traducido al quechua del Collao: Tratamiento en consonantes eyectivas. Antec: Revista Peruana De Investigación Musical, 6(1), 71–93. https://doi.org/10.62230/antec.v6i1.149
